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To this end, the transcripts were clustered in 13 different temporal patterns (Fig. For this reason, we set out to define the main patterns in gene expression observable throughout hippocampus development. 2 b) suggest that these 13898 transcripts are regulated in order to be active at specific developmental stages in correlation with the major phenotypic changes observable during development. Importantly, we unveiled many new candidate regulators of cell differentiation which constitute a precious resource providing biological insight into cell differentiation of the central nervous system.ĭimensionally-reduced plots (Fig. Our approach was validated by the literature, as we uncovered numerous well-known genes previously shown to be implicated in the differentiation or maturation of neuronal and glial cells.
#Mouse hippocampus anatomy drivers#
Here, we generated a developmental dataset of the hippocampal RNA-Seq transcriptome of 5 different developmental stages (embryonic forebrain E15, hippocampus P1, P7, P15, P30) and applied a deconvolution approach which exploits existing single-cell RNA (scRNA) data 8 to infer putative drivers of differentiation for the major cellular types. Recently, integrated in-silico analysis of signature of cell types and bulk datasets has proven to efficaciously overcome the aforementioned limitations 9, 10, 11, providing some insight at the cell type level also in bulk transcriptomes. To date, a quantitative, comprehensive assessment of the differentiation drivers in the course of hippocampal development is still lacking mostly due to the inability of bulk RNA to assign expression patterns to individual cell types. This cellular diversity is achieved thanks to differentiation drivers whose expression is tightly regulated during hippocampus ontogenesis. Furthermore, adult hippocampus was also shown 8 to be constituted by a large amount of different, specialized cells including at least ten major cell types and more than 40 subtypes. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling with microarrays showed that the developmental transcriptome of the hippocampus (from E16 to P30) displays striking dynamic changes which correlate with major developmental hallmarks and cellular events, including neurogenesis and differentiation 7. In rodents, hippocampal ontogenesis starts prenatally, around embryonic day 11 (E11), and is completed in most of its anatomical and functional features around postnatal days 20/30 (P20/P30), when the mature stage is considered to begin 6. The hippocampus plays a central role in a variety of cognitive functions including formation of new episodic memories and their classification in time 1, spatial learning and navigation 2, imagining of fictitious and future experiences 3, food intake control 4 and sleep 5.
![mouse hippocampus anatomy mouse hippocampus anatomy](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/2AWEBE9/the-anatomy-of-the-nervous-system-from-the-standpoint-of-development-and-function-um-is-characterized-by-the-presence-of-a-thicklayer-of-myelinated-fibers-upon-its-surface-the-hippocampus-which-constitutes-an-olfactory-center-of-a-still-higherorder-is-directly-continuous-with-the-portion-of-the-hippocampal-gyrus-knownas-the-subiculum-fig-209-and-is-formed-by-a-primitive-portion-of-the-cortex-278-the-nervous-system-that-has-been-rolled-into-the-ventricle-along-the-line-of-the-hippocampal-fissureupon-its-ventricular-surface-it-is-covered-by-a-thin-layer-of-white-matter-knownas-the-al-2AWEBE9.jpg)
The hippocampus is an allocortical structure belonging to the limbic system and located in the medial temporal lobe.